This week’s federal court hearing in Equal Means Equal v. Donald Trump highlights a pivotal legal battle over whether women in the United States are entitled to full constitutional equality. Argued by attorney Wendy Murphy, the case challenges longstanding legal standards that allow unequal treatment based on sex—bringing renewed urgency to questions about the Equal Rights Amendment, the military draft, and the broader fight for equal protection under the law. Read on for a closer look at what happened in court and what comes next.